Traditional designs and their meanings
Brotherhood among those who have the same tattoo Those who have the same tattoo
design, or similar, form among themselves a kind of brotherhood and they help each other on occasions, just like our freemasons ; so the choice of the tattoo is an important matter. Camille de Roquefeuille, Journal d’un voyage autour du monde during the years 1816-1819
Design for warriors on the chest A breast tattoo composed of a rectangle six inches long by four inches wide (16,2 cm x 10,8 cm). According to ancient portraits, this design is distinctive of warriors
and ka’ioi. In Mangareva, only the bravest warriors had their chest tattooed.
The passage to adulthood At puberty, the young were tattooed « on a very wide area going from around the navel, and loin, until the knees »
As soon as signs of puberty appear, large curved stripes were tattooed on the loin region [lower back]. These were considered as honorary marks, maybe because the capacity to procreate represented a quality. These arches on men were called awari and on women toto-huwa.
The curves passed on the buttocks ; the wide black stripe underneath each curve was called tuaumarro. It appeared to be some kind of approval to breed.
During the first sessions, the tuhuna would draw « the general lines and main motifs of the tattoo on the legs and the hips, as well as the face ».
On the occasion of his first tattoo, the young man would receive a new name.
The tattooing of the body in “seven days” chronology
The legend of the Marquesan hero Kena, describes the chronology of the tattooing of the entire body in “seven days”. First day, tattooing of the face. Second day, one leg, starting from the foot and going up. Third day, second leg. Fourth day, neck and chest. Fifth day, ribs and arms. Sixth day, the back. Seventh day, buttocks and small additional designs.
The conjugal stamp tattoo Geiseler (1893) explains that among Pascuans, the young husband would have his wife’s
vulva [genitals] tattooed on his chest. Absolutely every chief of a certain age would display this motif, which would be some kind of conjugal stamp. It seems that a parallel can be established with Tahiti, where the motif was tattooed a little after puberty.
For the Marquesas, we learn since 1804 the existence of a mark of love attachment appearing as a plaited ribbon [with checker pattern] tattooed around the arm or the neck, which was called « my little wife ».
Moko (NZ tattoo) comes from lizard Steinen asserts, « in a Maori text, I found the evidence which was missing until now, according to which the lizard motif was actually tattooed in a realistic manner. It is thus inaccurate », he continues, « to persist in the idea that the name moko (used for “tattoo” in New Zealand) only rests on a comparison with the curved looking motifs which remind the appearance of a lizard. »
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